From Kitab Kuning to Laboratory: The Evolution of Pesantren Scholarship Towards The Digital Era

Abstract

This article explores the transformation of scientific thought in pesantren education as a response to the demands of the digital era. Traditionally focused on the study of kitab kuning (classical Islamic texts), pesantren are now beginning to integrate religious sciences with general sciences through a unified curriculum and the adoption of digital technologies. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation at selected pesantren that have implemented digital-based learning innovations. Findings reveal that the integration of knowledge in pesantren is a gradual and dynamic process. The use of science laboratories, computers, and digital platforms plays a vital role in supporting more contextual and adaptive learning. Teachers and students show enthusiasm toward this approach, although challenges remain, such as limited human resources, infrastructure gaps, and institutional readiness. Adaptation strategies include teacher training, integrative curriculum development, and collaboration with external institutions. This transformation demonstrates that pesantren have significant potential to become centers of Islamic education that are relevant and competitive in the modern era, while still rooted in their traditional scholarly heritage.